Imaging of the Thorax by EIT: Lung Monitoring with Electrical Impedance Tomography, Electrical Impedance Distribution and Clinical Applications

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has emerged as a revolutionary imaging technology, providing real-time, radiation-free insights into thoracic and cerebral functions. This book offers a comprehensive exploration of EIT’s principles, techniques, and transformative applications in clinical practice. It begins with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of EIT and its technological framework, including the Sheffield Mark 1 system, electrode positioning, and methods for monitoring stroke volume and right ventricular diastolic function. Special attention is given to the technical considerations and clinical utility of EIT for lung monitoring, highlighting its basic characteristics, spatial and temporal resolution, and electrical impedance distribution. Reconstruction algorithms are critically examined for their role in improving ventilation and perfusion monitoring, enabling precise detection of lung collapse, overdistension, pneumothorax, and pulmonary perfusion defects. The book also discusses EIT-guided interventions, such as PEEP titration, fluid management, and recruitment monitoring, along with its relevance to chronic conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expanding the scope of EIT, chapters delve into experimental and clinical studies, future directions, and its application in brain function imaging. Insights into bioimpedance changes, functional activity, and advanced reconstruction algorithms provide a glimpse into the growing potential of EIT beyond the thorax. This book is a vital resource for clinicians, researchers, and students seeking to harness EIT for advanced diagnostics and patient care.