Sensors for Biotoxins: Biomedical Applications, Recent Advances in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Biological and Gas Sensors

The present book is a detailed exploration of advanced sensor technology designed to detect and monitor biotoxins and biomedical markers. It bridges the fields of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and materials science to address pressing challenges in biotoxin detection and biomedical applications. As biotoxins increasingly threaten public health and safety, the need for robust, sensitive, and versatile sensing technologies has grown significantly. Wide-bandgap semiconductor sensors have emerged as transformative tools, offering exceptional sensitivity and durability. This book comprehensively examines their potential, detailing advancements in gas sensing, oxygen detection, and their role in identifying hazardous substances like botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT). It investigates the dangers posed by biotoxins, particularly BoNT, in contexts such as biological warfare, food contamination, and airborne releases, while also providing insights into detecting and mitigating deliberate discharges. Beyond threat detection, the book highlights biomedical applications, from pH sensing in breath condensate to the development of advanced glucose sensors using nanosystems like gold nanostructures and carbon nanotubes. These innovations pave the way for wearable, non-invasive diagnostic tools. Additionally, the book explores sensor applications in diagnosing conditions such as prostate and breast cancers, kidney damage, and traumatic brain injuries. It also covers pressure sensing and endocrine disruptor exposure assessment. By emphasizing practical applications and integrating novel nanomaterials, this work provides a deeper understanding of sensors' potential for individual health monitoring and public safety. With technical insights and real-world relevance, it serves as an essential resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers.