Acute Myelogenous Leukemia AML: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Prognostic Factors, Classification and Treatment

In this comprehensive exploration titled Acute Myelogenous Leukemia AML: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Prognostic Factors, Classification and Treatment, we analyse the intricate mechanisms underpinning AML, offering insights crucial for clinicians and researchers alike. By unraveling the complexities of AML's genetic signatures, clinical presentations, and therapeutic advancements, this work aims to pave the way for more targeted and effective management strategies, promising hope for those affected by this challenging hematologic malignancy. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stands as a formidable challenge in modern medicine, demanding swift and comprehensive treatment strategies to confront its aggressive nature. Representing nearly 80% of acute leukemia cases among adults, AML, often interchangeably termed “acute nonlymphocytic leukemia,” strikes predominantly in older age groups, with a median diagnosis age between 60 and 70 years. The disease manifests through diverse genetic aberrations, including fusion genes like AML1-EVI1, AML1-EAP, and AML1-MDS1, as well as chromosomal abnormalities such as inversion 16 (Inv16) involving the core-binding factor subunits. Understanding the pathophysiology of AML has evolved, driven by insights into cellular proto-oncogenes like N-ras and critical translocation events. Recent advancements highlight the potential of predictive models integrating age, liver disease markers, and cytogenetic classifications to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. These predictive tools underscore the complex interplay of genetic and clinical factors shaping AML's prognosis and treatment landscape.