Radiation Oncology, Therapeutic Photon Beams, X-Ray Beams, and Novel Approaches to X-Ray Fluorescence Measurements

For over a century, radiation therapy has stood as a cornerstone in the treatment arsenal against cancer. Initially employing rudimentary techniques such as directing tumor radiation beams and using radio-opaque blocks to shield sensitive organs, the field has since evolved dramatically. The advent of computed tomography (CT) in the late 1990s revolutionized treatment planning, integrating precise imaging with therapy delivery. Today, the combination of CT scans, positron emission tomography (PET), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enables comprehensive visualization of tumor volumes, guiding therapeutic strategies with unprecedented accuracy. From traditional radiographic films to advanced electronic portal imaging and modern LINAC technologies, the evolution has been relentless. Techniques like external beam radiation and brachytherapy, utilizing sealed radioactive sources directly at the tumor site, have expanded treatment options. Innovations in nanotechnology promise further enhancements, emphasizing precision and reduced collateral damage to healthy tissues. This book explores these transformative advancements, aiming to deepen understanding and foster ongoing innovation in cancer radiation therapy. It celebrates the collaborative efforts that have improved patient outcomes and invites readers to explore the future directions of this vital medical field.